Why Print­ed Con­duc­tive Mate­ri­als Mat­ter Now Smart­phone anten­nas, auto­mo­tive defrost­ing cir­cuits on panoram­ic glass roofs, wear­able ECG elec­trodes, and EMI shield­ing lay­ers inside tele­com base sta­tions all rely on the same under­ly­ing cat­e­go­ry of mate­r­i­al : con­duc­tive paste that can be print­ed, sprayed, or mold­ed onto a sur­face much like ink. As con­sumer elec­tron­ics get thin­ner and more