Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is secreted by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimulation. It was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and has functions of stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages. GM-CSF has also been reported to have a functional role on non-hematopoietic cells and can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, it can stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. Human GM-CSF shares 54 % sequences identity with mouse GM-CSF, but has no biological effects across species. GM-CSF is used as a medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy and has also recently been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential as a vaccine adjuvant in HIV-infected patients.
Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using human TF-1 cells is less than 0.1 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1.0 × 107 IU/mg.
Appearance
Sterile filtered white lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 um filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin
Less than 0.01 EU/ug of rHuGM-CSF GMP as determined by LAL method.
Reconstitution
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute in sterile distilled water or aqueous buffer containing 0.1 % BSA to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Stock solutions should be apportioned into working aliquots and stored at ≤ -20 °C. Further dilutions should be made in appropriate buffered solutions.
Stability and Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.- A minimum of 12 months when stored at ≤ -20 °C as supplied. Refer to lot specific COA for the Use by Date.- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.- 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
References
1. Wang JM, Chen ZG, Colotta F, et al. 1988. Behring Inst Mitt : 270-3.2. 1989. N Engl J Med, 320 : 253-4.3. Nissen-Druey C. 1989. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol, 31 : 99-101.4. Eager RandNemunaitis J. 2005. Mol Ther, 12 : 18-27.5. Tran T, Fernandes DJ, Schuliga M, et al. 2005. Br J Pharmacol, 145 : 123-31.
