Dif­fer­ent Types of Chem­i­cals Used in Elec­tron­ic Industry

Tran­sis­tors and resis­tors, and diodes and capac­i­tors – when we think about the bulk of raw mate­ri­als uti­lized at the fac­to­ry floor of an elec­tron­ic device man­u­fac­tur­ing com­pa­ny, these are the things that come to our mind. How­ev­er, do you know that apart from these elec­tron­ic com­po­nents, the elec­tron­ic indus­try also uti­lizes a bulk of dif­fer­ent types of chem­i­cals in the man­u­fac­tur­ing and pack­ag­ing process ? These chem­i­cals are known as elec­tron­ic chem­i­cals, and they can exist in sol­id, liq­uid or gas form. Today, we will look at dif­fer­ent types of elec­tron­ic chem­i­cals, that which every elec­tron­ic device man­u­fac­tur­er uses in some capacity. 

Chem­i­cals Used in the Man­u­fac­tur­ing of Sil­i­con Wafers

Sil­i­con wafers are thin slices of sil­i­con crys­tals that are used in the fab­ri­ca­tion of inte­grat­ed cir­cuits (ICs) and oth­er semi­con­duc­tor based micro devices. These wafers do not pre-exist in our envi­ron­ment ; they are actu­al­ly pro­duced from sil­i­ca (sand) and then processed fur­ther until they take final shape of a wafer. In the man­u­fac­tur­ing of sil­i­con wafers, many chem­i­cals are used. Some of these are list­ed below : 

• Hydro­gen chlo­ride, pri­mar­i­ly used to remove impurities.
• Ammo­ni­um chlo­ride, which is used in the pro­duc­tion of poly­sil­i­con crystals.
• Ammo­nia, used in the pro­duc­tion of mono­si­lane, an active byprod­uct of sil­i­con wafer man­u­fac­tur­ing process.

Out of the total chem­i­cal con­sump­tion in elec­tron­ic indus­try, chem­i­cals used in the pro­duc­tion of sil­i­con wafers account for the largest share.

Chem­i­cals Used in the Man­u­fac­tur­ing of Photoresists

Pho­tore­sists are light sen­si­tive mate­ri­als, coat­ed onto a sil­i­con wafer, so as to serve as a sup­port­ing com­po­nent for the fol­low­ing pho­tolith­o­g­ra­phy process. Every semi-con­­duc­­tor built elec­tron­ic device, under­goes the process of pho­tolith­o­g­ra­phy. These pho­tore­sist coat­ings are com­posed of a com­bi­na­tion of film form­ing agents and light sen­si­tive chem­i­cals. The most com­mon­ly used film form­ing agents belong to the cat­e­go­ry of cresol novolac resins. As for the light sen­si­tive chem­i­cals, most man­u­fac­tur­ers pre­fer using naph­tho­quinone diazides.

Wet Pro­cess­ing Chemicals

Wet pro­cess­ing chem­i­cals are those chem­i­cals that are used in dif­fer­ent stages of semi­con­duc­tor pro­cess­ing. These are sol­vents and etchants, and acids and bases. Some com­mon­ly used wet pro­cess­ing chem­i­cals are : 

• Sul­fu­ric acid
• Iso-propyl alco­hol
• Ammo­ni­um-hydrox­­ide
• Nitric acid
• Phos­phor­ic acid

The con­sump­tion of wet pro­cess­ing chem­i­cals in elec­tron­ic indus­try is believed to be 6% of the total chem­i­cal con­sump­tion. This brings us to the end of our list. We hope the pro­vid­ed infor­ma­tion served as a valu­able resource for you and helped you under­stand how dif­fer­ent types of chem­i­cals are being used in the elec­tron­ic indus­try.

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